Botswana’s recurring FMD outbreaks are often viewed through an agricultural lens, but the ripple effects extend far beyond the livestock community. Increasingly, the country’s financial services sector is feeling the pressure as livestock-dependent borrowers face severe cash flow disruptions. The recent FMD outbreak in Zone 11 (previously a green zone) triggered livestock movement restrictions, delayed sales, export suspensions, and reduced slaughter volumes. For Botswana, where cattle remain a major rural asset and source of household...
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